Compulsory Identification

In the Netherlands, people aged 14 and over must be able to show valid identification when asked by the police or another authorised official. In practice, this means you should carry valid ID with you when you are out. This is known as compulsory identification. However, it does not mean that anyone can ask to see your ID. Identification may only be requested by authorised officials and when there is a valid reason.

What you can find on this page:

• When you may need to show identification
• Who can ask for identification
• Which documents are accepted
• What happens if you cannot show identification

When you may need to show identification

You may be asked to show identification in different situations, for example by the police, a public transport inspector, or a special enforcement officer (such as BOA or Handhaving), or another authorised official.

You may also need to show identification when arranging practical matters, such as opening a bank account, visiting a healthcare provider, starting a job, applying for benefits, or dealing with government services.

Who can ask for identification?

Not everyone can ask you to show identification. In general, identification may be requested by authorised officials, such as the police, certain public transport inspectors, and supervisors who are responsible for checking compliance with specific rules.

There must be a valid reason for asking. For example, an official may ask for identification if this is needed to carry out their duties, check a rule, investigate an incident, or confirm your identity in a specific situation.

Which documents are accepted?

Valid identification documents can include a passport, identity card, Dutch residence permit, or Dutch or European driving licence, depending on the situation.

A driving licence is not always enough. For example, when starting a job, your employer may need to check your identity, nationality, and right to work. This cannot be confirmed with a driving licence alone. In this case, they may ask for an additional document, such as a passport, identity card, or residence permit.

Copies, photos, or scans of your ID are usually not accepted as official proof of identity. You should be able to show the original document when required.

Keep in mind that the documents accepted as ID within the Netherlands are not always enough for international travel. If you travel outside the Netherlands, check which travel document you need for your destination. Depending on your nationality and destination, this may be a passport, national identity card, visa, or residence permit.

What happens if you cannot show identification?

If you are required to show identification and cannot provide a valid document, you may receive a fine. The amount can depend on your age.

If you receive a fine, follow the instructions from the relevant authority or the CJIB (Centraal Justitieel Incassobureau — Central Fine Collection Agency). Be careful of scams, you can also check the validity of the fine you received by checking whether the bank account stated on the letter corresponds with the fine you need to pay.